Xindi (Cindy) Hu, ScD
Publications

Also available on ORCID and in the CV.

Bold: Dr. Hu. Underlined: trainee mentored by Dr. Hu.

Peer-reviewed journal articles
2026
  • Ojeda, A.S., Barrett, J.R., Boyer, E.W., Capone, D., Coyte, R., Datta, S., Dietrich, M., Dimova, N., Eaves, L.A., Fry, R.C., Gitter, A., Hu, X.C. Transdisciplinary Approach to Private Well Research. Environmental Science & Technology, 2026. Link
  • Lin, J., Zhang, J., Wei, E., Shea, K., Wang, H., Apanasovich, T.V., Liddie, J.M., Hernandez, E., Norford, C., Hu, X.C. Hybrid Supervised-Unsupervised Modeling for Post-Hurricane Private Well Contamination Risk Score Using Empirical Validation and Community-Informed Assessment. GeoHealth, 2026, 10, e2026GH001858. Link
2025
  • Liddie, J.M., Dai, M.Q., Hu, X.C., Sunderland, E.M. A Call for a Unified Database to Address Exposure Disparities in the United States. WIREs Water, 2025, 12(4), e70033. Link
  • Dai, M.Q., Hu, X.C., Coull, B.A., Campbell, C., Andrews, D.Q., Naidenko, O.V., Sunderland, E.M. Sociodemographic Disparities in Exposures to Inorganic Contaminants in United States Public Water Systems. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2025, 133(6), 067003.
2024
  • Keshaviah, A., Rizmie, D., Lu, H., Rudacille, M., Morris, E., Psomas, C., Qamar, F., Hu, X.C. ClimaWATCH: A New Interactive Tool for Community Heat-Health Vulnerability Assessments. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 2024, 100359.
  • Hu, X.C., Reckling, S.K., Keshaviah, A. Equity in Wastewater Monitoring: Differences in the Demographics and Social Vulnerability of Sewered and Unsewered Populations across North Carolina. PLOS One, 2024, 19(10), e0311516. Link
2023
  • Keshaviah, A., Huff, I., Hu, X.C., Guidry, V., Christensen, A., Berkowitz, S., et al., Musse, I. Separating Signal from Noise in Wastewater Data: An Algorithm to Identify Community-Level COVID-19 Surges in Real Time. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023, 120(31), e2216021120. Link
  • Dai, M.Q., Geyman, B.M., Hu, X.C., Thackray, C.P., Sunderland, E.M. Sociodemographic Disparities in Mercury Exposure from United States Coal-Fired Power Plants. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2023, 10(7), 589-595. Link
  • Hu, X.C., Dai, M., Sun, J., Sunderland, E.M. The Utility of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Chemical Contaminants in Drinking Water: Promise, Challenges, and Opportunities. Current Environmental Health Reports, 2023, 10(1), 45-60. Link
2022
  • Ha, G.L., Block, R., Gillespie, S., Patel, M., Keshaviah, A., Hu, X.C., et al., Lennon, R.P. Lack of Trust Appears to Drive "Racial" Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2022, 56(Suppl 1), S315.
2021
  • Lennon, R.P., Zgierska, A.E., Miller, E.L., Snyder, B., Keshaviah, A., Hu, X.C., et al., Van Scoy, L.J. Lower Intent to Comply with COVID-19 Public Health Recommendations Correlates to Higher Disease Burden in Following 30 Days. Southern Medical Journal, 2021, 114(12), 744.
  • Hu, X.C., Ge, B., Ruyle, B.J., Sun, J., Sunderland, E.M. A Statistical Approach for Identifying Private Wells Susceptible to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Contamination. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2021, 8(7), 596-602. Link
  • Keshaviah, A., Hu, X.C., Henry, M. Developing a Flexible National Wastewater Surveillance System for COVID-19 and Beyond. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2021, 129(4), 045002. Link
  • Ruyle, B.J., Pickard, H.M., LeBlanc, D.R., Tokranov, A.K., Thackray, C.P., Hu, X.C., et al., Sunderland, E.M. Isolating the AFFF Signature in Coastal Watersheds Using Oxidizable PFAS Precursors and Unexplained Organofluorine. Environmental Science & Technology, 2021, 55(6), 3686-3695.
  • De Silva, A.O., Armitage, J.M., Bruton, T., Dassuncao, C., Heiger-Bernays, W., Hu, X.C., et al., Webster, T.F., Sunderland, E.M. PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2021, 40, 631-657. Link
  • Lennon, R.P., Fraleigh, R., Van Scoy, L.J., Keshaviah, A., Hu, X.C., Snyder, B.L., Miller, E.L., Calo, W.A., Zgierska, A.E., Griffin, C. Developing and Testing an Automated Qualitative Assistant (AQUA) to Support Qualitative Analysis. Family Medicine and Community Health, 2021, 9(Suppl 1).
  • Goyal, R., Luca, D., Klein, P.W., Morris, E., Mandsager, P., Cohen, S.M., Hu, C., Hotchkiss, J., Gao, J., Jones, A., Addison, W. Cost-Effectiveness of HRSA's Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program? JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2021, 86(2), 174-181.
  • Goyal, R., Hu, C., Klein, P.W., Hotchkiss, J., Morris, E., Mandsager, P., Cohen, S.M., Luca, D., Gao, J., Jones, A., Addison, W. Development of a Mathematical Model to Estimate the Cost-Effectiveness of HRSA's Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2021, 86(2), 164-173.
2019
  • Hu, X.C., Tokranov, A.K., Liddie, J., Zhang, X., Grandjean, P., Hart, J.E., et al., Sunderland, E.M. Tap Water Contribution to Plasma Concentrations of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort of U.S. Women. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2019, 127(6), 067006.
  • Sunderland, E.M., Hu, X.C., Dassuncao, C., Tokranov, A.K., Wagner, C.C., Allen, J.G. A Review of the Pathways of Human Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Present Understanding of Health Effects. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2019, 29(2), 131-147.
2018
  • Dassuncao, C., Hu, X.C., et al., Sunderland, E.M. Shifting Global Exposures to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) Evident in Longitudinal Birth Cohorts from a Seafood-Consuming Population. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(6), 3738-3747.
  • Hu, X.C., Dassuncao, C., et al., Sunderland, E.M. Can Profiles of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Human Serum Provide Information on Major Exposure Sources? Environmental Health, 2018, 17, 11.
2017
  • Dassuncao, C., Hu, X.C., et al., Sunderland, E.M. Temporal Shifts in Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in North Atlantic Pilot Whales Indicate Large Contribution of Atmospheric Precursors. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(8), 4512-4521.
2016
  • Hu, X.C., Andrews, D.Q., Lindstrom, A.B., et al., Sunderland, E.M. Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2016, 3(10), 344-350. Link
  • Zhang, X., Lohmann, R., Dassuncao, C., Hu, X.C., et al., Sunderland, E.M. Source Attribution of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Surface Waters from Rhode Island and the New York Metropolitan Area. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2016, 3(9), 316-321.
2014
  • Tong, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, C., Chen, L., Wang, W., Hu, X., Wang, H., Hu, D., Ou, L., Wang, X., Wang, Q. Fate Modeling of Mercury Species and Fluxes Estimation in an Urban River. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 184, 54-61.
2013
  • Tong, Y., Zhang, W., Hu, D., Ou, L., Hu, X., Yang, T., Wei, W., Ju, L., Wang, X. Behavior of Mercury in an Urban River and Its Accumulation in Aquatic Plants. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 68, 1089-1097.
2012
  • Hu, X., Gao, F., Hu, J. Health Risk Assessment of Iodine Status in Chinese Residents. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2012, 7(3), 285-291.
  • Tong, Y., Zhang, W., Hu, X., et al., Wang, X. Model Description of Trophodynamic Behavior of Methylmercury in a Marine Aquatic System. Environmental Pollution, 2012, 166, 89-97.
Book chapters
  • Hu, X.C., Sunderland, E.M. Mercury. In Lippmann, M. (Ed.), Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposure and Their Health Effects (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, 2020.
  • Cifuentes, E., Rothenberg, S., et al., Hu, X., et al. Controversy Associated Risks: The Ingestion of Contaminated Fish and Measures to Protect Health in Lake Chapala, Mexico. Teaching case, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (in Spanish), Cuernavaca, Mexico, 2015.
Reports and policy briefs
  • Hu, X.C., Keshaviah, A., Harrison, E. The Costs of Wastewater Monitoring in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Mathematica, Washington, DC, 2023.
  • Keshaviah, A., Vincent, P., Hu, X.C., Maccarone, A., Hotchkiss, J., Huff, I., Zhou, H., Vohra, D. The Effects of Healthy Davis Together: A COVID-19 Response Program. Mathematica, Washington, DC, 2022. Link
  • Keshaviah, A., Karmali, R.N., Vohra, D., Huffman, T., Hu, X.C., Diamond, M.B. The Role of Wastewater Data in Pandemic Management. Mathematica, Washington, DC, 2022.
  • Dassuncao, C., Devries, R., Hu, X.C., Keshaviah, A. Expanding the Use of Wastewater Epidemiology Tools to Improve Water Quality, Identify Service Populations Under Stress, and Promote One Water Goals for a Thriving City. Water Research Foundation, Denver, CO, 2022.
  • Keshaviah, A., Hu, X.C., Henry, M. Testing Municipal Wastewater to Flexibly Monitor Health and Safety. Mathematica, Washington, DC, 2020.